Two by Kozintsev and Trauberg
Novyy Vavilon / New Babylon (Grigori Kozintsev & Leonid Trauberg, 1929) Kozintsev and Trauberg had been working together for 8 years by the time the two made New Babylon . After several years collaborating in experimental theater, they made their first foray into film making in 1924. Having worked with Dmitri Shostakovich in some of their theater productions, they turned to him for their first attempt at making a film with an integral (live) musical score (albeit without dialog). The film suffered from government interference even before its formal premiere. The government approved version was cut by 20 percent from its original length, and the synchronization of the music apparently no longer fully matched the creators' original intentions. These synchronization problems, together with the inability of the theater's orchestra to cope with Shostakovich's musical demands, helped ensure a less than rapturous initial reception. While the longer version has been recons